Padlock



June 1966 J. A. TORNOE ETAL 3,254,516

' PADLOCK Filed May 4, 1964 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 [a 3.9 INVENTOR5 Jan/v 4,Teas/a: BY Poster 4. Mneorro J1me 1966 J. A. TORNOE ETAL 3,254,516

PADLOCK 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 III! IN VEN TOR. 4. 7270/0! P0552? A, Mneorraxxx June 7, 1966 A. TORNOE ETAL 3,254,516

PADLOCK Filed May 4, 1964 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR5 Jb/w A. 725w: BYPaaiPf A Mnearro J. A. TORNOE ETAL 3,254,516

June 7, 1966 PADLOCK 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed May 4, 1964 INVENTOR5 Jan/v4, Zoe/v0: BY Past/27404420770 J 04%; Z W

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United States Patent 3,254,516 PADLOCK John A. Tornoe and Robert A.Marotto, Redwood City, Calif., assignors to Schlage Lock Company FiledMay 4, 1964, Ser. No. 364,485 7 Ciairns. (Cl. 70-68) The inventionrelates to padlocks for securing relatively movable parts together in areleasable fashion under control of a key, particularly a key designedto operate a pin tumbler cylinder combination mechanism; Reference ishad to Patent 2,691,288 assigned to the assignee hereof. I

It is an object of the invention to provide a padlock in which theinterior mechanism is so interrelated as to inhibit the disassembly ofthe padlock by tampering or unauthorized means.

Another object of the invention is to provide a padlock which hasadequate security and strength but is relatively inexpensive tomanufacture and particularly to assemble.

Another object of the invention is to provide a padlock in which variousof the different components perform multiple functions in order toreduce the complexity of the structure.

A further object of the invention is to provide a padlock in which astandard pin tumbler cylinder mechanism can be utilized.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a padlock in whichthe cylinder combination mechanism can be interchanged from time to timeby authorized persons.

A further object of the invention is to provide a padlock devoid of ablind plug in the padlock housing. 1

Other objects of the invention together with the foregoing are attainedin the embodiments of the invention described inthe accompanyingdescription and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGURE 1 is a side elevation of an open padlock constructed inaccordance with the invention, some of the structure being shown incross section taken on a median longitudinal plane;

FIGURE 2 is a cross section, the plane of which is indicated by the line2-2 of FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 3 is a cross section, the plane of which is indicated by the line33 of FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 4 is an isometric view of a latch slide forming part of thepadlock mechanism;

.FIGURE 5 is a view comparable to FIGURE 1, but showing the parts inlocked position;

FIGURE 6 is a cross section, the plane of which is indicated by the line66 of FIGURE 5;

FIGURE 7 is a view in cross section, the plane of which is indicated bythe line 7-7 of FIGURE 5;

FIGURE 8 is a detail showing in cross section one of the latch slides inan extreme position;

FIGURE 9 is an exploded view showing the relative relationship of theframe and the covering or casing portions, the view being in isometricprojection;

FIGURE 10 is a detail showing in isometric projection the relationshipof part of the cylinder combination unit and a retainer;

FIGURE 11 is an isometric view of a shackle leg retainer;

FIGURE 12 is a side elevation of a modified form of padlock pursuant tothe invention, portions being broken away in cross section on alongitudinal transverse plane to illustrate a modified retainer;

FIGURE 13 is an isometric view of the retainer illustrated in FIGURE 12;

FIGURE 14 is a side elevation of a further modified form of padlock,portions being broken away to show in cross section on a medianlongitudinal plane a further modified form of retainer; and

FIGURE 15 is an exploded View showing in isometric projection therelationship of the retainer and cylinder combination unit of FIGURE 14.

While the padlock of the invention can be embodied in a number ofdifferent ways as shown'herein, and while it can also be further variedconsistent with the underlying principles of the invention, it has beensuccessfully incorporated for commercial utilization as shown herein.

In the preferred form of the arrangement, the padlock,

particularly as shown in FIGURE 1, includes a skeleton frame generallydesignated 6 including a number of different parts, most of which can befabricated by stamping. The frame includes a transverse wall 7 extendingcrosswise of the frame and having an approximately elliptical shape inplan. The transverse wall 7 is provided with a pair of openings. One ofthe openings 8 is situated adjacent one end of the wall. whereas theother opening 9 is adjacent the other end of the wall and isparticularly defined by an inwardly extending boss 11 affording arounded entrance 12. Arranged parallel to and adjacent the transversewall 7 is a cross wall 13.

of approximately the same shape as the wall 7 and similarly providedwith a hole 14 of substantial extent in alignment with the opening 8 andprovided also with an aperture 16 in approximate alignment with theopening Part of the frame is an intermediate brace wall 17 (FIGURE 9) ofthe same external configuration as the walls 7 and 13 and disposedparallel thereto. The various walls 7, 13 and 17 are held in appropriaterelationship in the frame by a bottom plate 18 of similar configurationextended by a pair of integral side walls 19 and 21. These are foldedupwardly from the bottom wall 18 with an otfset 22 and have openings 23and 24 and slots 25 and 26 interfitting with appropriate tongues 27 onthe respective brace, transverse and cross walls. In this fashion askelton frame is afforded to support the remaining portions of thestructure.

Resting on the bottom wall 18 and passing through the openings and holesin the higher walls is a rolled sleeve 28 defining a circularcylindrical passageway and projecting above the transverse wall 7. Alsostruck up from and projecting above the transverse wall 7 are lateraltabs 29 and 31 lying just inside the upper ends of the walls 19 and 21to serve as positioning devices and reinforcing ribs.

Overlying substantially all of the skeleton frame 6 is a housingincluding a shell 32 having a top wall 33 provided with openings 34.and36 in alignment with the openings 8 and 9 respectively. The shell 32 isformed to lie snugly against the tops of the side walls 19 and 21 and tooverlie closely the margins of the brace, transverse and cross walls.Additionally, the housing is completed by a bottom cup 38 having anupturned margin 39 closely engaging the bottom plate and telescopingwith or interfitting with the shell 32. The lower end of the shell iscrimped or turned to underlie the cup 38 and thus form a completehousing. The cup has a relatively large bottom opening 41 (FIGURE 9)having a generally circular portion 42 and an elongated extension 43., 1

Designed to cooperate with the frame is a movable shackle 46. This isconveniently a curved bar for the most part of circular cross sectionformed into a U configuration to establish a pair of legs 47 and 48. The

leg 47 is directed into and through the opening 34 in the shell and intothe interior of the tubular sleeve 28. The leg 48 is movable, with theshackle, into and out of the opening 36 and the opening 9. The end 49 ofthe leg 48 is rounded to afford easy entrance into the openings 36 and9.

Properly to relate the shackle to the frame, the leg 47 is at its lowerend contoured to afford a reduced portion 51 in contact with a coilspring 52 disposed within the sleeve 28 and resting at its bottom on onearm 53 of a bell crank 54. The arm 53 is circular and is loosely confined against lateral movement by the sleeve 28. The fulcrum 56 of thebell crank is a curved portion urged against the bottom plate 18. Theother arm 57 of the bell crank extends from the fulcrum at right anglesto the arm 53. As shown in FIGURE 11, the arm 57 is an arcuate strip atits upper end provided with an enlargement 58 of arcuate form having astruck out stirrup 59 lying staight across the bell crank.

Under the urgency of the spring 52, the shackle 46 is urged upwardly outof the frame, but this force is met by the stirrup 59 lying over ashoulder 61 formed at one side of a circular groove 62 cut around theleg 47. When the parts are in the position shown in FIGURE 1, forexample, the stirrup 59 is in the path of outward movement of theshackle and holds the shackle from further outward movement. Since thegroove 62 extends entirely around the leg 47, the shackle can be freelyrotated when the lock is in the open position as shown in FIGURE 1, butcannot be axially withdrawn from the lock frame.

In addition to the groove 62, the shackle leg 47 is provided with alongitudinal slot 63 merging at one end with the groove and establishinga flat surface 64 designed to slide along the straight surface of thestirrup 59. Under appropriate inward pressure, the shackle can be forcedinto the sleeve 28, compressing the spring 52, and occupying a locked orclosed position, as shown in FIG- URE 5, with both shackle legs withinthe framework of the lock. Since the flat surface 64 and the straightstirmp 59 slide upon each other as the shackle is reciprocated, theshackle legs must be in alignment with their apertures 34 and 36throughout their intermediate sliding motion, and rotation of theshackle is not possible until the leg 47 is in its uppermost position,as shown in FIGURE 1, with the stirrup 59 lying within thecircumferential groove 62.

Means are provided for holding the shackle in its locked position whenboth legs 47 and 48 are within the framework. Located between the topwall 33 of the shell 32 and the transverse wall 7 is a pair of latchslides 71 and 72 (see FIGURES 2 and 4). The slides 71 and 72 arearranged opposite each other but are of the same configuration. Each ofthe slides includes a centrally arcuate, straight end flange 73extending transversely across one end and adapted to slide on thetransverse wall 7. Each slide also includes a number of legs 74, 76 and-'77 at the extremities of bars 78, 79 and 81 also slidable on thetransverse wall 7. The slide is thus supported for reciprocatory,sliding movement. The width of the slides is such that their side walls82 and 83 bear against the tabs 29 and 31 acting as lateral guides.

Between the bars '79 and 81 each slide has an offset lug 84 designed tofit into a compression spring 85 butting against the corresponding oropposite leg 76 on the interfitting bar 79 of the other slide. In thisfashion, the two slides are urged apart, yet the interfitting bars 79and 81 act as additional rectilinear guides. Indented, arcuate portions86, in a retracted position of the slides as shown in FIGURE 2, entirelyclear the shackle 46. When the slides, urged opposite each other by thesprings 85, move to occupy their spread-apart positions, they each liewit-hin respective ones of a pair of notches 87 and 88 formed within thelegs 47 and 48. When the shackle 46 is urged into the framework againstthe pressure of the spring 52, the shackle legs in entering theframework move over and displace the slides 71 and 72 until the notches87 and 38 come into position, whereupon the springs 85 urge the slidesapart and to lie within the notches. The slides then prevent withdrawalof the shackle from the frame.

In order that the slides may be appropriately actuated, and so that thepadlock can be key controlled, there is disposed within the frame a pintumbler cylinder com- :bination arrangement generally designated 91.This includes a cylinder body 92 having a circular cylindricalconfiguration with a flat extension 93 projecting radially therefrom.The cylinder body 92 is designed to receive a key 94 in a plug 96 toactuate the tumbler combination mechanism (standard, and notillustrated) within the cylinder body and extension. When the proper keyis positioned, the cylinder plug 96 is rotatable by the key within thecylinder body and produces corresponding rotation of a driver blade 97.

The blade 97 extends through an appropriately shaped opening 98 in thetransverse wall 7 and is disposed between the legs 76 of the slides.When the blade 97 is in a cross or transverse position (see FIGURES 5and 6), the slides are urged and disposed apart by the springs 85. Whenthe key 94 and the blade 97 are turned, then the edges of the blade 97cam against the legs 76 and overcome the urgency of the springs to drawthe slides toward each other and out of the notches 87 and 88. Theshackle 46 is thus released and under the urgency of the spring 52 isexpelled as far as possible or until the shoulder 61 abuts the stirrup59.

Because of the configuration of the opening 41 in the bottom cup 38, thecylinder unit 91 is easily movable into and out of the padlock frame,the extension 93 passing through the opening portion 43, and thecylindrical portion 92 passing easily through the circular opening 42.When the cylinder unit 91 is in position, it lies close to and laterallyconfines and backstops the arm 57 of the bell crank 54. When thecylinder unit 91 is removed, the bell crank cannot be laterallywithdrawn from the sleeve but can be rocked to release the shackle 46.

In order to retain the cylinder unit 91 in position and to block andclose the opening extension 43, there is provided, particularly as shownin FIGURE 10, a retainer 101. This is a U-shaped device having a bottomplate 102 of substantial construction and of a configuration to occupyall of the opening 41 except that portion occupied by the end of thecylinder unit 91. This affords a continuous and uniformly closed bottomsurface. Upstanding from the plate 102 at one end is an arcuate wall 103having a rectangular opening 104 therein. The opening is of such a sizethat the wall 103 can be slipped over the extension 93 of the cylinderunit to lie on opposite sides of the extension, above it and below it.The cylinder unit is therefore fixed with respect to the member 101except in an assembling and separating direction as shown in FIGURE 10.

Also upstanding from the plate 102 is a wall 106 abut ting the extension93 and ending in an upper tab 107 partially defined by notches 108 and109. The length and extent of the wall 106 is such that when it is inposition with respect to the cylinder unit 91, the cylinder unit and themember 101 together can be inserted into the lock frame and the tab 107then extends through the aperture 16 and lies above the cross Wall 13(FIGURE 1).

When the lock is open, the tab 107 is then accessible through theopenings 36 and 9 to an appropriate tool, such as long-nosed pliers. The tab can then he twisted, particularly as shown in FIGURE 3, so thatthe retainer and cylinder unit cannot subsequently be withdrawn from thelock frame.

When the cylinder unit and its retainer 101 are in position,substantially all of the room in the openings in the walls 13 and 17, aswell as in the bottom cup 38, is occu-pied. These parts cannot shift andthe bell crank 54 cannot rock on its fulcrum 56 and so cannot bewithdrawn from the groove 62.

In the preferred assembly of this padlock, the frame and housing membersare disposed substantially as shown in FIGURE 9. The slides 71 and 72are positioned. They are kept from moving into positions overlying andblocking the driver blade opening 98 by lugs 111 upstanding from thetransverse wall 7 in positions to serve 'as backstops for the slides.The shell 32 is positioned. The bell crank 54 and spring 52 are put intoposition and the shackle leg 47 is inserted and snapped past the stirrup59 until the shoulder 61 is engaged. When the retainer 101 has beenassembled with the cylinder unit 92, that sub-assembly is thenintroduced into the frame. The blade 97 passes through the opening 98and lies between the down-turned legs 76 of the slides 71 and 72. Afterthe tab 100 has passed freely through the aperture 16, a tool isintroduced through the apertures 36 and 9 and the tab is twisted anddeformed to fix the parts in position. The bottom cup 38 is positioned,and the shell 32 is crimped against the bottom cup 38. The lock. canthen be disassembled only when it has been put into unlocked position byan appropriate key and a tool has been introduced through the openings36 and 9 to straighten the tab .107.

There are various forms of retainers -for the standard lock mechanism.As shown particularly in FIGURES 12 and 13, most of the parts aresubstantially the same as before but the cross wall 113 has aditferently shaped aperture 114 therein. Largely surrounding theextension 93 of the cylinder body 92 is a stamped retainer 116 having apair of side walls 117 and 118 joined at a relatively heavy, reinforcedbottom wall 119 retaining a filler plate 120. The upper ends of the sidewalls are brought toward each other and are then bent to lie againsteach other in top portions 121 and 122. These top portions have slightlyseparated extensions 123 and .124 all capable of passing through theaperture 114.

In this instance the extension 93 is 'socketed in the retainer betweenthe walls 117 and 118 and beneath the top portions 121 and 122. The subassembly is made and bandled as before. Finally, the slightly separatedextensions 1'23 and 124 are spread and deformed by a tool insertedthrough the open lock apertures. The spread positions overlie the wall113 and are indicated by the dotted lines 12-5. This retainer is thusheld in position against the cross plate 113 and prevents extraction ofthe cylinder body from the lock frame. The construction and fit of thewall 119 are such that no substantial crack or cervices are left for theinsertion of a prying tool to gain improper entry to the lock.

As shown in FIGURES 14 and 15, the retainer can alternatively beprovided by a special configuration on the lock cylinder body unit. Thelock body 92 is as before, but a different extension v126, althoughlargely of the same configuration, is provided with a locking projection127. This includes an upwardly directed, pointed end 12 8 in partdefined by grooves 129 and 131. The projection 127 is receivable in thelock frame through an aperture 132 in a cross wall 133. Situated in thelock frame between the transverse Wall 7 and the cross wall 133 is'aretainer clip 134. This is a formed, springy member having an opening136 in the upper end thereof to permit the clip to lie around and belocated by the boss 11 defining the opening 9. The clip 134 has a pairof depending spring tabs 139 and 141. These are so disposed that whenthe projection 127 is forced upwardly into position, the tabs 1'39 and141 are initially sprung apart by the pointed end 128. When the partsare in final position, the tabs 139 and 141 spring into the slots 12-9and 13 1, thus holding the parts in position. The tab's can be spread,when the lock is open, by a special tool introduced through the opening9 to allow withdrawal of the cylinder unit and further disassembly ofthe padlock.

What is claimed is:

1. A padlock comprising a housing having a pair of openings therein, ashackle having a pair of legs, means for movably mounting said shacklein said housing with one of said legs extending through one of saidopenings and the other of said legs passing into and out of the other ofsaid openings, means in saidhousing for releasably engaging said legs, acylinder lcombination body in said housing, a cylinder plug mounted insaid body, means on said plug for actuating said engaging means,retaining means in said housing and removable therefrom with saidcylinder combination body .for retaining said body within said housing,and means integral with said retaining means and accessible through saidother opening for deformation by a tool for securing said retainingmeans in said housing and for restoration by a tool for releasing saidretaining means from said housing.

2. A padlock comprising a housing having a pair of openings therein, ashackle having a pair of legs, means for movably mounting said shacklein said housing with one of said legs extending through one of saidopenings and the other of said legs passing into and out of the other ofsaid openings, means in said housing for releasably engaging said legs,a cylinder body having a radial exten sion and movable into and out ofsaid housing along a predetermined path, a cylinder plug mounted insaidbody, means on said plug for actuating said engaging means, a cross wallsecured in said housing, said cross wall having an aperture therein inalignment With said other opening, and a retainer in said housingextending into said path in the 'way of movement of said radialextension out of said housing to hold said cylinder body within saidhousing, said retainer having a portion extending through said apertureand bent over said cross wall.

3. A padlock comprising a frame, a transverse wall in said frame andhaving a pair of openings therein, a cross wall in said frame having ahole therein in alignment with one of said openings and having anaperture therein in alignment with the other of said openings, a cupunderlying said frame and having a passageway therein, a shell overlyingsaid frame and said cup, said shell having opening's therein inalignment with said openings in said transverse wall, a shackle having apair-of legs movable into and out of said openings in said transverseWall, means between said shell and said transverse wal-lfor releasablyengaging said legs, a cylinder combination body movable into and out ofsaid frame through said passageway, a cylinder plug in said body, meanson said plug for actuating said engaging means, and a retainer disposedin part of said passageway in the path of said cylinder body out of saidframe and extending through said aperture in said cross wall andengaging said cro'ss wall in a portion thereof in alignment with saidother opening in said transverse wall.

4. A padlock comprising a frame, a transverse wall in said frame andhaving a pair of openings therein, a cross wall in said frame having ahole therein in alignment with one of said openings and having anaperture therein in alignment .with the other of said openings, a cupunderlying said frame and having a passageway therein, a shell overlyingsaid frame and engaging said cup, said shell having openings therein inalignment 'with said openings in said transverse wall, a shackle havinga pair of legs moveable into and out of said openings in said transverseWall, means between said shell and said transverse wall for releasablyengaging said legs, a cylinder combination body having a projectionthereon and movable into and out of said frame through said passageway,a cylinder plug in said body, means on said plug for actuating saidengaging means, and a retainer disposed in part of said passagewaysubstantially flush with said cup and in the path of said projection outof said frame and extending through said aperture in engagement withsaid cross wall.

5. A padlock comprising a frame, a transverse wall in and a slot mergingwith said groove, a bell crank having a fulcrum abutting a portion ofsaid frame, a bar on one arm of said bell crank adapted to fit into saidgroove and into said slot, and a spring engaging the other arm of saidbell crank and the end of said one leg for urging said bar into saidgroove and said slot and for urging said one leg out of said tube.

6. A padlock comprising a frame, a transverse wall in said frame andhaving a pair of openings therein, a shackle having one leg slidablymounted in said frame and movalble through one of said openings andhaving another leg movable into and out of the other of said openings,said one leg having a circumferential groove and a slot merging withsaid groove, a bell crank having a fulcrum abutting a portion of saidframe, means on one arm' of said bell crank adapted to fit into saidgroove and into said slot, 2. spring engaging the other arm of said.bell crank and the end of said one leg for urging said means into saidgroove and said slot and for urging said one leg to move out of said oneof said openings, a cylinder combination body in said frame in positionto limit rocking movement of said bell crank, and means for holding saidcylinder combination body on said frame.

7. A padlock comprising a frame having a shackle opening therein andhaving a lock opening therein to pass a lock cylinder body unit with aradial extension thereon,

said shackle opening so as to hold said retainer in place Within saidframe.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,282,983 2/1942Laoh 7038 2,374,669 5/1945 Dequick 70 38 2,408,137 9/1946 Gray et a170--38 2,527,086 10/1950 Swanson 70370 2,673,458 3/1954 Schlage 70 382,691,288 10/1954 Childs 7038 FOREIGN PATENTS 1,163,273 4/1958 France.

JOSEPH D. SEE-RS, Primary Examiner.

BOBBY R. GAY, Examiner.

7. A PADLOCK COMPRISING A FRAME HAVING A SHACKLE OPENING THEREIN ANDHAVING A LOCK OPENING THEREIN TO PASS A LOCK CYLINDER BODY UNIT WITH ARADIAL EXTENDION THEREON, A LOCK CYLINDER BODY IN SAID FRAME ANDOCCUPYING A PORTION ONLY OF SAID LOCK OPENING, MEANS FORMING PART OFSAID FRAME AND HAVING AN APERTURE THEREIN, AND A RETAINER HAVING A WALLWITH AN OPENING EMBRACING SAID RADIAL EXTENSION AND HAVING A BOTTOMPLATE SUBSTANTIALLY OCCUPYING THE REMAINDER OF SAID LOCK OPENING, SAIDRETAINER ALSO HAVING A DEFORMABLE PORTION ADAPTED TO EXTEND THROUGH SAIDAPERTURE AND MOVABLE INTO ENGAGEMENT WITH SAID FORMING MEANS BY A TOOLGAINING ACCESS TO SAID RETAINER THROUGH SAID SHACKLE OPENINGS SO AS TOHOLD SAID RETAINER IN PLACE WITHIN SAID FRAME.